UBUNTU GUIDE 22.04 LTS Ver. 20220926 Ubuntu's zealous name comes from South African "Ubuntu" ideology and is often translated into "humanity to others". page 2 Page Table of Contents 3 Introduction General Information about Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5 Ubuntu instructions Presentation of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop Pre-installed applications Find the command ;- Some tips Some thoughts before going on 11 Presentation of graphical user interface (GUI) Presentation of Folder / Directory Structure Files Application ( Nautilus) Files handling USB / SD memorys Different working areas, Windows, Several windows File handling; copy, move and paste File handling with mouse 27 Presentation of basic settings WiFi, Network, Bluetooth, Background, Appearance, Notifications, Search Applications, Privacy, Online Accounts, Sharing, Sound Power, Displays, Mouse & Touchpad, Keyboard Shortcuts Printers, Removable Media, Color, Region & Language, Universal Access Users, Default Applications, Date & Time, About 50 Introduction to installed Ubuntu applications Utilities, Archive Managers, Backups, Devices & Locations, Disks, Logs System Monitor, Screenshot, Calculator, Characters Software Updater, Command Prompt (Terminal) Install apps, LibreOffice, Shotwell, Calendar, ToDo Deja Dup Backup 62 Appendix gThumb image viewer / editor / sorting images, naming images Reduce the size of the images Self-defined Screenshot area, Image Scanning Renaming storage media ( USB / Card ) Ubuntu installation, Create a bootable Ubuntu USB stick Ubgrade Ubuntu Ubuntutor web page page 3 Introduction Welcome to study the Ubuntu operating system. About Ubuntu: It is a free operating system (cf. Windows, MacOS). It also works well on older computers. It needs little memory. It can also be installed alongside your existing operating system. Your own files (Windows, MacOS) also work in Ubuntu. Ubuntu is Linux (also Android is Linux). A few years ago I realized that my XP Windows laptop was old. I bought an inexpensive HP Stream laptop (2 GB central memory and 34 GB working memory). The Ubuntu installation was 28 GB. I uninstalled Windows and installed just Ubuntu. Ubuntu needed 9 GB. I installed Ubuntu Mate alongside Windows on an old Windows XP laptop. With this guide, I aim to introduce the features of the Ubuntu graphical operating system to beginners. Here are a few examples of Ubuntu programs: Libre Office - includes word processing, spreadsheet and presentation graphics Document viewer - viewing and using PDF documents Thunderbird - email Firefox - web browser Chromium - web browser (= Chrome) gThumb - organizing, editing and naming photos Google Earth - map program Gimp - image processing VLC Media Player - video + music OpenShot - video editing Skype - video calls Dropbox - cloud services Attention! This English-language guide includes a separate text file. The text of the guide is numbered and the same numbering is in the text file. The text file is easily translated by Google Translator into any language, which allows you to read the text of the guide in all languages. Best regards, Hannu Feedback: comment@ubuntutor.com This guide book you find from www.ubuntutor.com This work is licensed Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) . This guide book / file is freely copyable If you discover any errors in this tutorial, please notify me at comment@ubuntutor.com page 4 General Information about Ubuntu Look: Ubuntu Desktop Guide There seem to be a lot of Linux operating systems; which operating system do I choose? The programs that a home user needs are email, web browser, pdf file viewer, video and music playback software, office program including spreadsheet, word processing and presentation program. Today, cloud services, web calls and other social media programs are also often needed. Although Linux has many different operating systems, the above mentioned programs can be found in all these systems and look the same. In this sense, the home user can choose any operating system. There are plenty of tutorials of Ubuntu, as well as a very useful forum where you get advice very quickly. The previously mentioned utilities are similar in appearance on the screen, whether you are running Windows or Ubuntu. Ubuntu does not need antivirus protection. The firewall has also been built inside Linux itself. Ubuntu with all its programs is free. Ubuntu needs much less memory compared to Windows. When you start using Ubuntu instead of Windows, perhaps the most significant difference is directory / folder structures. These differences are presented in this guide. Ubuntu is updated annually and the so-called ”Long-term support” (5 years) versions are published every two years with the symbol of year and month and the letters LTS (long-term support). For example, version 22.04 LTS has been released in April 2020 and will be supported until 2025. If you have an old computer running Windows XP or Vista, for example, you can install Ubuntu Mate or Lubuntu (distros). Both are exellent with an old PC like XP or Vista. You can work with XP or with Ubuntu distros, and distros can use files from the XP area. Very useful! And you can use this guide with distros too! How to open Ubuntu? To unlock your computer, raise the lock screen curtain by dragging it upward with the cursor, or by pressing Esc or Enter. This will reveal the login screen, where you can enter your password to unlock. Alternatively, just start typing your password and the curtain will be automatically raised as you type. When you lock your screen, or it locks automatically, the lock screen is displayed. In addition to protecting your desktop while you’re away from your computer, the lock screen displays the date and time. It also shows information about your battery and network status. Hint! You can easily check out the Linux distro at Manjaro, which works with a web browser. page 5 Ubuntu instructions 1.Every window has a HELP! You get order to that window! 2.Here are various instructions. 3.Excellent Guide in English can be found at http://ubuntu-manual.org/ The guide is in pdf format and it can be downloaded to your computer. 4.Ubuntu's excellent discussion forum. If you have a problem, look here. Be brave, and ask. This forum is very good. More information on the web https://ubuntuforums.org/forum.php 5. LibreOffice documentation https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en/english-documentation/ page 6 Presentation of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Visual overview of GNOME 1.Click the clock on the top bar to see the current date, a month-by-month calendar, a list of your upcoming appointments and new notifications.! 2.Click Activities! Access your windows and applications 3.Clock and day of the week and tasks 4.System Information - network connections - bluetooth, wifi - battery charge / network - the volume of the sound - system preferences 5. Directories / Folders and files - directories, files - additional memory / devices (USB, CD, DVD) 6.Image scroll bar up / down, will appear when mouse cursor is moved to the edge. 7.Shopping bag - download new software 8.The program icons - start the program - icons can be added or removed - icon size can be changed - the sequence of icons can be changed - the icons can be hidden - the icon shows the number of windows 9.The Dash Selecting and starting programs. The dash shows you your favorite and running applications. 10. The size of icons can be changed. If all the icons do not fit on the screen, they are either above or below the screen (move mouse to bottom or top of bar). 11.Tip: You can zoom in to the smaller or larger screen by pressing ctrl and scrolling with your mouse. page 7 Pre-installed applications. Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Start applications 1.Two working areas! 2. You can see the whole text! 3.Click the grid button at the bottom of the dash to display the applications overview. This shows you all the applications installed on your computer. 4. Two pages! 4. You can make your own groups like Utilities. Move some icons together and write a name. page 8 Find the command ;-) 1.Earlier all commands were found in the menu bar 2. Nowadays the command can be found in many places! 3. The same applications are now used on computers, tablets and phones. Because of this, menu commands are not convenient and new solutions have to be developed. The solutions are slightly different for different applications, unfortunately. page 9 Some tips Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Your desktop 1. If you are copying or moving multiple files, or updating or installing a program, you may not know if anything is happening on your computer? In this case, the program progress bar may be hidden under the window. There are also sections on the Ubuntu screen that show the progress of the event. The icons may show a line that is not easily noticed because the bar is moving slowly. Click on the icon for more information! 2. The sector is filling up! This is important! 3. Program update, white bar progressing. 4. Program update, orange bar progressing. 5. Copying or transferring files, bar progressing. 6. If this does not appear, click the icon! 7. Program installation, bar progressing. 8. Loading ISO-file How to use mouse and touch pad 6.How to operate with the mouse With left or right button Click Click click Click and press and move Press a letter and move mouse With mouse scroll button Scroll Press and scroll 7.How to operate with the touch pad With one finger (left or right button or in the midle of touch pad) Click Click click Click and press and move With two fingers at the same time Click Click click Click and press and move 9.If you move the cursor quickly, the cursor will move a longer distance. page 10 Some thoughts before going on. Ubuntu works in a little different way than Windows. This guide presents the differences. Ubuntu does not always show the hourglass even though the computer is working. This is a bit embarrassing. Wait patiently and be cautious in such a situation. Sometimes the hourglass (or rotating arrow) may be hidden behind the active window, so it is not noticeable. When your computer updates the program, be patient. Click Details to see the update, otherwise you do not know what is going to happen. If the mouse does not move for a long time, the computer has apparently stopped for some reason. Anyway, it is a good idea to take backups often. Structure of the File System The index and file structure differ substantially from the corresponding structure in Windows! A good thing compared to Windows: All user files are located in the "Home" directory and in its subdirectories, which essentially facilitates backup. Ubuntu does not use letters to mark different memories (A, C etc.). External memories (CD, DVD, USB sticks, SD cards, etc.) can be found under their own names. In the file names big and small letters make a difference (test.txt is different from Test.txt). In front of a hidden file name there is a dot (.sale.txt). You can make a file hidden by taping a dot. Clicking this symbol will disconnect a separate memory (eg USB, SD card) off the computer. Wait until a message appears on the screen to remove the memory! Please wait, to USB storage can still be written! Disconnect when this text has appeared! page 11 Presentation of Folder / Directory Structure. Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Files, folders & search 1.By clicking here you can go back in the folder path. 2.Note HOME and DESKTOP HOME is the main folder and all other folders are subfolders! 3.Desktop is "Home screen". 4. 31 GB VOLUME is a USB Stick. 32 GB VOLUME is a memory card. Ubuntu 22.04 L... is your PC. Other Locations - this is not usually required for home use. 5.Hidden files, dot in front of the name. These include user bookmarks, emails and addresses. 6.The HOME directory stores all user files! Under the home directory you can see its subdirectories (desktop etc). Some of the directories may be hidden, in front of them there is a dot (.THUNDERBIRD = emails and addresses) Attention! The directories and files in external memory (CD, DVD, USB) are not displayed in the HOME directory. page 12 Presentation of Folder / Directory Structure 1.Home folder is the subfolder, where all your data is. 2.Hidden folders can be seen. 3.Folder tree-structure. The triangle open/cloce the structure. 4.Media folder is the (home)folder, where all external files are: - usb stick and hard drive - sd card - cd and dvd disc etc. 5.The file can be renamed: Edit - Rename 6.The folder can be renamed: Edit - Rename 7.USB / SD can only be renamed if you format it (where all old data is deleted!). Attention! You can name your disc with the Discs program! See attachement. page 13 Files (Nautilus) 1.Click! You will see the Files application. 2.Folders are shown here. Red Activated Folder. 3.NB! There is no menu bar in the Files (Nautilus) app! Use the touch pad to touch with two fingers! Or with the mouse the right / left click. 4.Window management buttons X Close the program - Hide the program from view SQUARE Change window size 5.Side panel. Here are the various memory media attached to the computer, such as computer mass storage, USB sticks, SD cards, CDs / DVDs, etc. 6.Application menu, located beside the Activities button, shows the name of the active application alongside with its icon and provides quick access to windows and details of the application, as well as a quit item. page 14 Files (Nautilus) The top bar 1.Gray area of the bar = try right click! Right click Left click page 15 Files handling 1.You can change the order by clicking. The icons are either by side or one below the other. 2.You can change the size of the icons by pressing ctrl and + or ctrl and – buttons several times. 3.You can also change the size of the icons and see the size in % 4.Tip: You can zoom in to the smaller or larger icon by pressing ctrl and scrolling with your mouse. page 16 Files handling 1.Click! You will get a definition menu for several things 2.Click ! New Window 3.Click the new tab. Tab is created in the same window. 4.Two tabs, Pictures and Home 5. Click! New Folder! 6.Displays subfolders! Triangle in front of the folder. The tree structure! This is very useful! 7.Click triangle! page 17 Files ( Nautilus ) 1.Hidden files and folders, dot in front of the name. page 18 Files ( Nautilus ) page 19 Files ( Nautilus ) page 20 Files ( Nautilus ) page 21 USB / SD memorys 1. Click the USB/SD memory with mouse right. 2. Click Properties 2. Remove the USB/SD memory with a command or from triangle, but wait until you get permission! 4.NOTE! With the command Properties you can see the capacity and use of the memory. 5.If you are the only user of the PC, these are not essential things. page 22 Different working areas 1.There are different "work areas" in Ubuntu, which are briefly presented here. Workspaces = collects different app windows in the same workspace and other app windows in another workspace. 2.Different workspaces. Windows = app windows in the same workspace. Maybe the most used way. 3.Different windows. Tab = appears in the Files (Nautilus) program 4. Different tabs 5.You should try these different methods to get acquainted with them. 6.In many apps, the work area can be divided into many tabs, such as with a spreadsheet. page 23 Windows 1.Add another window 2.A small dot on the left side of the Icon indicates that there is one window in use. When there are two or more windows on the screen, click the program icon. → The windows are placed side by side and you can move to another window. Note in the folder button two red dots. 3.When there are two or more displays on the screen, click the program icon. → The windows are placed side by side and you can move to another window. 4.Two windows, two dots 5.Three windows, three dots 6.Here are three windows to choose from. page 24 Several windows 1.If you move the window to the top of the screen, the window will increase to full screen size. If you drag down the full screen with the mouse, the window returns to its original small size. Try it! 2.If you move the window to the right edge of the screen, the window will increase to half size of the screen. If you then drag the window with the mouse to the left, the window returns to its original size. Try it! 3.If you move two windows to the right and left edge of the screen, you get two half-size windows side by side. 4.Two parallel windows. page 25 File handling; copy, move and paste A file or folder can be copied or moved to a new location by dragging and dropping with the mouse, using the copy and paste commands, or by using keyboard shortcuts. COPY AND PASTE Select the file(s) or folder(s). Right-click and pick Copy, or press Ctrl+C. Navigate to another folder, where you want to put the copy. Click the menu button and pick Paste, or press Ctrl+V. CUT AND MOVE Select the file(s) or folder(s). Right-click and pick Cut, or press Ctrl+X. Navigate to another folder, where you want to move. Click the menu button and pick Paste, or press Ctrl+V. DRAG WITH MOUSE THE FILE(S) OR FOLDER(S) move copy You can do this with two different windows. Press and drag the item(s) from one window to another. This will move it if the destination is on the same device, or copy it if the destination is on a different device. Be careful! You can force the file to be copied by holding down the Ctrl key while dragging, or force it to be moved by holding down the Shift key while dragging. More options You can see the menus by clicking the file with right button of the mouse. Note that the commands Copy and Copy To… (with 3 dots) have different functions. Commands with 3 dots always open a new window to choose the target. 1.Move to ... or Copy to... open a new window. This is probably the easiest way for the beginner. 2.After selecting the destination folder click the Select button to end the Copy/Move function page 26 Presentation of basic settings 1.Click these icons and see the contents. 2.The following pages show the basic settings for System Preferences. It's a good idea to go through those right away. At the same time, you should consider what kind of settings best serve your own use. 3.Many of these settings are specified when installing Ubuntu, but they can be changed later. 4.Close the computer. 6.When you lock your screen, or it locks automatically, the lock screen is displayed. In addition to protecting your desktop while you’re away from your computer, the lock screen displays the date and time. It also shows information about your battery and network status. page 27 Basic settings Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Hardware & drivers page 28 Basic settings Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Networking, web & email page 29 Basic settings 1.Again it is worth trying, which setting feels the best. 2.This allows you to adjust the size of icons. 3.Use this to define the location of the icons; left, bottom, right. page 30 Basic settings page 31 Basic settings 1. No alarm page 32 Basic settings page 33 Basic settings page 34 Basic settings page 35 Basic settings 1. If you connect the TV, check audio output to television. 2. Set up a video conference microphone sound strength! Watch out for the sound circulation i.e. whining. Try it! page 36 Basic settings 1.Power Saving, you should define it for your own needs. 2.Power Off button, you should define it for your own needs. Suspend; Power Off; Nothing 3. I recommend ”Suspend” NOTE! See the next page! 4.Define it according to your taste. Facilitates sleeplessness in the evening. 5.The night light is reddish and gentle in contrast. page 37 Basic settings Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: User & system settings You can define different times for actions Screen saver on/lock your screen Display on The display is off PC on Suspend PC off Setting: Brightness and lock Setting: Power Saving Turn off 1.To save power, suspend your computer when you are not using it. If you use a laptop, GNOME suspends your computer automatically when you close the lid. 2.Define your own rhythm 3.An external mouse makes it easier to work, it's a good idea to get one 4.Natural scrolling = When two Fingers are pushed fore, the image moves in the same direction, ie upward. 5.Note that the touch pad can be taped at the edges (left / right) or at the center of the touch pad. Double-click to override the border of the primary button NOTE! Previous page! If the PC is connected to the TV with an HDMI cable, appears additional specifications below. page 38 Basic settings page 39 Basic settings page 40 Basic settings 1.Adding a new printer if Ubuntu can not find it. 2. Here you can check and deletes the print queue. page 41 Basic settings 1.You can change the language. 2.These region settings will also be added later! page 42 Basic settings Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Universal access. 1.Again it is worth trying, which setting feels the best. 2. This is very useful, if text is too small. Try it! Try it ! page 43 Basic settings 1.If you have one user, then you are the "Administrator" who has great powers. 2.Password is important! 3.Select the default applications here. When you click a file define what application opens that file. page 44 Basic settings Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Log out, power off or switch users. 1.Basic computer information. Next page page 45 Basic settings 1.Do not change these settings unless you know what you are doing! page 46 Introduction to installed Ubuntu apps 1. Backup guide is later in this manual. page 47 Introduction to installed Ubuntu apps 1.This is very useful! page 48 Introduction to installed Ubuntu apps 1.Ubuntu suggests updates automatically, but the user can decide on the timing of the upgrade. For updating, Ubuntu will notify you of the Dock icon. Click the icon to start the update. 2.You can also start the update by clicking the icon 3.Updating asks for a password. This prevents unauthorized updates and software installations! 4.In the updates, you should click on Details to see it. It's easier to track the progress of the update. page 49 Command Prompt (Terminal) 1.The command line is one of the most powerful tools in the Linux system. If you have a problem and ask a Linux specialist, he will usually start by telling you what to do in the command line. 2.In this guide, I have not referred to the command line, because it is unfamiliar to the beginner. However, it is good to understand the basics of the mysterious command line. 3.This is where the command is written. 4.In particular, ”sudo" commands are required: Start by writing the administrator password here (note: the password cannot be seen here at all). Press Enter. After that you can give commands to the computer. 5.For more information about how to use the command line, see the Help section, a couple of links below: page 50 Install apps Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Install & remove software 1.Programs on your computer. Here you can remove the application. 2.Applications that you can install on your computer. 3.A more detailed presentation and installation of the application. page 51 If you are planning to install a new app Here are some tips when looking for a new application. 1. Compare different apps that would seem best to your needs. 2. Find comments and opinions about the app. 3. If you find the manual for the app, examine it. You can get good tips and ideas. INSTALL ONLY RELIABLE SOFTWARE! After installing the app. 1. Now you can properly explore the features and functions of the app. - if you collect a lot of data with the app, do you think the app will slow down? - can you divide the data into sections if needed so that the app works smoothly and the files are not too large. - can you transfer older data to another storage medium. 2.Can you easily backup your data to another storage medium? 3. If you are replacing a computer, whether the program and data are successfully implemented on a new machine. 4. If the app fails, for example, it will no longer work after the update, can you access your own data files with another program. 5. Practice using the app first with training material, allowing you to figure out the features of the app and learn about its details. 6. Plan the use of the application (nomenclature, folder structures, backup, etc.). 7. When the job seems to work, start the actual use of the app. Good luck! 8. If you are unsatisfied with the app, can you easily delete it and look for a better app. In Ubuntu and Linux, this is easy. The apps are packages. More information How To Install Software in Ubuntu Linux: A Complete Guide for Newbie Installing software in Ubuntu using .deb files All the Possible Ways to Install deb Packages in Ubuntu Linux page 52 Introduction to installed Ubuntu apps gThumb viewer (not installed, but I like it ;-) 1.Automatic color correction 2.Automatic sharpening 3.Limiting the picture 4.The program can also - sort the picture files according to time - rename and renumber the picture files page 53 Introduction to installed Ubuntu apps page 54 Links, nice reading for rainy days Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Get more help. Ubuntu forum https://ubuntuforums.org/ Ubuntu Desktop Guide https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-help/index.html.en Linux wiki https://www.linux.org/ Using Ubuntu Linux https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Using_Ubuntu_Linux Ubuntu hardware support https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport Ubuntu help https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TroubleShootingGuide Ubuntu: A Beginner’s Guide https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/ubuntu-an-absolute-beginners-guide/ The Complete Beginners Guide To Ubuntu https://www.lifewire.com/beginners-guide-to-ubuntu-2205722 [PDF]Ubuntu Manual – Getting Started with Ubuntu 14.04 http://ubuntu-manual.org/ [Open Office manuaal PDF https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en/english-documentation/getting-started-guide/ YOUTUBE VIDEOS Learning the Linux File System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIXzJ3Rz9po NEWS OMG https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk HISTORY page 55 Deja Dup Backup 1 1.Returns the backup to the computer 2.Makes a backup 3.Deja Dup Backup. The program ensures all user files. Restore will restore all copied files 4.Makes a backup from the HOME folder, which includes user-downloaded files and user information (emails, addresses, favorites, etc.) related to email and browser from Firefox and Thunderbird 5.Add more folders 6.Backup may be located on a hard drive or memory stick. NOTE! Deja Dup always returns the entire backup material. Individual files or folders cannot be easily restored. Such a backup should be done separately. 7.Automatic backup reminds you of making a backup. The first backup takes a long time, the next goes pretty fast. 8. A small memory stick is enough for backup! 9. DejaDub tells you when to make a copy. Insert the USU-media and click on the DejaDub icon to start copying. page 56 DejaDup Backup 2 1. DejaDub can restore individual files or folders if they have been backed up by DejaDub. When you back up your data, "Revert to Previous Version...” will appear in the menu”. 2. If you want to restore the entire backup, click "Restore ..." and then Deja Dup first installs itself. 3. Specify where the backup is located. Note. This is where you may write the path (missing black triangle). 4. Specify where the backup will be restored. You can restore to the original position or you can extract the copy to another memory, from where you can move the parts you want to replace the originals. page 57 Backup strategy! 0.Remember to take backups! Here are some ideas about backing up. 1. Take a copy of the HOME folder to a memory stick or USB hard drive. Before that, check the size of the HOME folder, and check the free space in the backup memory storage. You can change the backup HOME folder name slightly by adding the backup date to the name to find the latest backup, eg, 20180305 HOME. NOTE! The HOME folder also contains hidden files, such as Firefox bookmarks and Thunderbird emails and email addresses. After you have backed up your files, you should make sure that the backup was successful. 2.Keep the Ubuntu installation usb stick. Then it's easy to reinstall Ubuntu. a. Install Ubuntu first and then b. Restore your own files with Deja Dup. 3.It is very unlikely, but ... if Ubuntu will not start at all! 4.You should prepare for this by making a Boot-Repair bootable usb stick. Boot-Repair automatically or semi-automatically fixes startup problems: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair Guide: 1. Go to the link page 2. According to the instructions, copy the Boot-Repair iso file 3. Install Rufus (it's easier to do with Windows) 4. Make Boot-Repair bootable usb stick 5. Put the usb stick on the problem computer and boot 6. Boot-Repair will most likely repair the bug and Ubuntu is again available. 7. No user files in this operation will be lost. On the following pages are new additions I have attached to this guide. I wish good Ubuntu moments! page 58 1.1 A little about image processing 1. Going on a holiday trip? Multiple cameras and phone cameras? → Same date and time for all cameras! 2. After the trip. Processing and assembling images. Two phones with the same type => Can have the same names with files! => Rename images on another phone. 3. Image processing 1. Collect the images in the same folder, copy them, don't move, for security 2. Sort images by time of capture (metadata) 3. Rename images (Number order) 4. Select the best images for the new folder 5. Handle images (Crop, Improve) gThumb image viewer 4.Install the gThumb. It is a handy little program that can do important things. 5. gThumb, click left or right to get the menus 6. menus 7. return 8. Next picture 9. tools 10. Previous picture 11.the list 12. NB! In System Preferences, you can specify Details → Default Applications → The image always opens in gThumb or -> 13. Click on the file on the left Open with app Select gThumb page 59 1.2 gThumb image editor - Editing images 1. gThumb First picture 2. Images to be processed 3. Adjust the contrast, colors, and sharpness. Accept 4. If necessary, straighten the image Use the +or- buttons to adjust the slope 5. Crop the image area Accept all actions with the Accept button 6. Try moving the curve 7.Save to the original 8.Save as new and adjust the packaging page 60 1.3 gThumb image editing software - sorting images 1. Select the first image 2.Two options for sorting, click gThumb image editing software - naming images 3. Select the images to be named 4. Enter a new name. You'll see the change right away. Press F2 Click 5. Instructions here page 61 1.4 gThumb - Reduce the size of the images 1. Pictures before reduction 2. Open gThumb and highlight the files you want 3. Select tools 4. Select Resize Images... 5. Decrease size with - First try 70% 6. Select a new storage location and "Execute" 7. New file size. Compare the quality of the images with the originals. page 62 2.1 Self-defined printscreen area Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Tips & tricks 1. You can define the area you want to copy! Convenient feature! Bring the icon to the bar! Image Scanning 2. If you have a scanner, you will find a preinstalled program. Icons in different versions of Ubuntu page 63 3.1 Renaming storage media (USB / Card) 1. The storage can be named either during formatting or later by the "Disks" utility. 2. Start the "Discs" program 3. Check that you are processing the correct memory! 4. Click to stop 5. Click 6. Select “Edit Filesystem... (The name is incorrect, here changing the memory name!) page 64 4.1 Ubuntu installation 1.Interested in Linux Ubuntu? Browse this guide 2.Prepare a USB stick for you to try Ubuntu (or CD) See next pages for instructions 3.Try Ubuntu with a USB stick The experiment does not permanently change anything on your machine. If the experiment fails, your machine may be too old. 4.You decide to install Ubuntu A good decision! First, check out the Ubuntu Forums so you can ask for advice. 5.Do you also keep Windows? When booting, you can choose either Windows or Ubuntu. 6.Back up your files and make reinstalling files! Backup your files, emails, web links, etc! Also do a Windows Reinstall usb stick. 7.Perform the initial installation as recommended. If you are unsure of your skills, install as recommended. 8.Explore and use Ubuntu. Please read this guide for details. 9.Change the settings as needed, or explore new distros. Check out the Linux distros guide and help on the web. You are becoming a Linux expert. page 65 4.2 Create a bootable Ubuntu USB stick Windows computer. 0. Work on a Windows computer! 1. Go to https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop 2. Select "Download Ubuntu 22.04 LTS". 3. When downloading a program, you get an ISO file for your computer. 4. Start downloading Rufus from its web site. Install it by double-clicking the file you downloaded. Another option is Balena Etcher. 5. Insert a blank min 2 GT-usb stick into the computer. 6. Open Rufus. 7. Select USB stick. 7a. Note: Bootable disk and ISO Image 8. Click the icon next to "Create a bootable disk using ISO image" and find the downloaded Ubuntu disk image file. 9. Finally, select Start ("Start") and the recommended "Write in ISO image mode" and OK. 10. Now, there should be a bootable Ubuntu USB stick ready. 11. Shut down the computer. 12. Do you know how to start your computer so that your computer open the bios? When you succeed here, you will see a menu (make sure you do not mess with the bios settings) from where to select the USB stick as the startup device and start the micro. 13. After that, Ubuntu should start up (it happens slowly because all the information is downloaded from a USB stick. 14. Choose "Try Uninstalling Ubuntu" in the menu. 15. As a precaution, it is recommended that you keep your Ubuntu USB installer stick in storage if for some reason you will have to install Ubuntu again. page 66 4.3 Create a bootable Ubuntu USB stick Ubuntu computer. 0. Instructions can be found here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu#Installation 1. Go to http://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ ( Create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu ) 2. Select "Desktop image”. 3. When downloading a program, you get an ISO file for your computer. 4. Launch the Startup Disk Creator from the Application Range. 5. Insert a blank min 2 GT-usb stick into the computer. 6. Specify a .iso file. 7. Select USB stick. 8. Finally, select "Create Startup Disk". 9. The computer creates a boot startup disk. 10. Now, there should be a bootable Ubuntu USB stick ready. 11. Shut down the computer. 12. Do you know how to start your machine so that your machine open the bios? When you succeed here, you will see a menu (make sure you do not mess with the bios settings) from where to select the USB stick as the startup device and start the micro. 13. After that, Ubuntu should start up (it happens slowly because all the information is downloaded from a USB stick. 14. Choose "Try Ubuntu" in the menu. page 67 Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows Typical problem situations in current UEFI machines are: When you want to leave Windows alongside Ubuntu on the machine, fast startup of Windows 8/10/11 (Fast Startup) - prevent Ubuntu installation from starting or - starting the previously installed Ubuntu. The problem is fixed by turning off fast startup in the power saving settings in Windows. Uninstalling Windows Fast Startup: Win10->settings->system->power and sleep mode->advanced power settings->select power button behavior->shutdown settings->uncheck the option: Enable fast startup. page 68 UPGRADE UBUNTU 1 5.2 Sometimes you need to upgrade Ubuntu to a newer version. - the program indicates that a new version is available, do you want to upgrade? - the version you are using will become obsolete and will no longer be updated Here are some ideas for changing the version. Warning: The upgrade may take a long time for nothing to appear to be happening. Look on page 10 for follow-up instructions. A. Do you want to upgrade to the new version as recommended ( if you have installed and uninstalled several different programs, there may still be data files in the programs and these will be unnecessarily transferred to the new version ) or B. Do a whole new “clean install” with the new version. The upgrade goes in the order 16.04 → 18.04 → 22.04), cannot be skipped! In both cases, first: 1. Back up all your personal data. For example, use DejaDub backup. Make backups to removable memory. 2. Make a second backup with the copy command to removable memory (easier to handle). 3. Make a copy of your Firefox and Mozilla hidden folders (= emails and bookmarks) Home/.thunderbird Home/.mozilla ( firefox ) Save your Chromium bookmarks. (Note! These can be found in the Deja Dup backup, but they are much easier to handle with the files). 4. Make a note of any programs you have installed so that you can easily reinstall them. 5. Make a note of the user names and passwords for all your programs. You need them when you have to reinstall the programs. 6. To be sure, make a live USB stick from the new version of Ubuntu. https://linuxhint.com/upgrade_ubuntu_1804_2004/ Upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to 22.04 LTS via GUI https://www.linuxtechi.com/upgrade-ubuntu-18-04-lts-to-ubuntu-20-04-lts/ How to Export, Save, and Import Chrome Bookmarks ... https://www.hellotech.com/guide/for/how-to-export-save-import-bookmarks-in-chrome Export Firefox bookmarks to an HTML file to back up or transfer bookmarks https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/export-firefox-bookmarks-to-backup-or-transfer page 69 UPGRADE UBUNTU 2 5.3 A. Do you want to upgrade to the new version as recommended 1. Before upgrading Ubuntu, ensure you have the latest software. Open Software & Updates app from the Application Menu. 2. Make sure all the checkboxes are marked . 3. Make sure that Notify me of new Ubuntu version is set to For long-term support versions. 4. Before you upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, you should update all the existing packages of your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to the latest available versions. Open the Software Updater. 5. Once your computer boots, open a Terminal (press + + T) and run the following command: $ update-manager -c -d 6. Software Updater should display the message Ubuntu 22.04 is now available. Click on Upgrade... page 70 UPGRADE UBUNTU 3 5.4 7. When the installation is complete, check and install the missing programs. B. Do a whole new “clean install” with the new version Here you can install the newest Ubuntu vesion! 1. Copy the Ubuntu ISO-file https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop 2. Prepare a live USB stick ( s. 64 ) 3. Insert the live USB stick, boot into the BIOS / UEFI, and select the live USB stick. 4. The program loads “temporarily”. At this point, you can still test the new program, but eventually select INSTALL. 5. If you are unsure, you should install according to the program's recommendation. 6. Installing Ubuntu takes about 30 minutes and then another 15 min when the program updates the online version to the present. 6. Recover your own files. (DejaDub) 7. Carefully research how to recover all emails and bookmarks. 8. When the installation is complete, check and install the missing programs. https://linuxhint.com/upgrade_ubuntu_1804_2004/ Upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to 22.04 LTS via GUI https://www.linuxtechi.com/upgrade-ubuntu-18-04-lts-to-ubuntu-20-04-lts/ page 71 Ubuntu web-hotell 6.1 UBUNTU WEB-HOTELL Ubuntu 22.04 & 18.04 guide (pdf) for beginner www.ubuntutor.com